Ancy Sojan's 6.53m leap left her just 2cm shy of the gold that Yingying Huang claimed with a 6.55m jump.
The contest began with both athletes matching at 6.49m. Ancy surged to the top in the fifth round, only to be eclipsed by Huang's final effort that pushed her over the line.
Shaili Singh was third on a 6.42m mark after five jumps, but Mengyi Tan's 6.46m final blast vaulted her into bronze, leaving India fourth.
India's silver boosts the athletics tally to 10 medals—five silver, five bronze—yet the nation still waits for its first track and field gold. With 34 medals overall—four gold, 15 silver, 15 bronze—India remains in a tight race on the Games table.
Athletics officials are now focusing on the decathlon and high jump, hoping the team can convert the remaining events into gold before the Games wind down.