CCTV footage released on Wednesday shows a male police officer hauling a woman protester across the Lajpat Nagar road as she was being detained by a squad of officers.
The incident unfolded on the second day of the Cockroach Janta Party's march that began on May 26, targeting CEC chief Gyanesh Kumar over alleged electoral irregularities.
Earlier this week, the Supreme Court issued a directive prohibiting illegal detentions and demanding that police uphold the rights of peaceful demonstrators.
Civil society groups, including the Delhi Human Rights Forum, have condemned the footage and called for a transparent inquiry into the officer's conduct.
Delhi Police have announced an internal review and said the officer may face disciplinary action if found guilty of violating the court's order.